Kult\u00farna p\u0161enica sa del\u00ed na dve odrody - m\u00e4kk\u00fa a tvrd\u00fa. Maj\u00fa botanick\u00e9 rozdiely, ktor\u00e9 s\u00favisia s podmienkami pestovania. M\u00faka
\nvyroben\u00e9 z t\u00fdchto odr\u00f4d maj\u00fa tie\u017e odli\u0161n\u00e9 vlastnosti.<\/p>\n
Botanick\u00e9 vlastnosti<\/strong><\/p>\n P\u0161enica je jednoro\u010dn\u00e1 rastlina so vzpriamen\u00fdmi stonkami s uzlami a intern\u00f3diami. Tvrd\u00e1 aj m\u00e4kk\u00e1 p\u0161enica maj\u00fa d\u00f4kladn\u00fd kore\u0148ov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, Tvrd\u00e1 p\u0161enica rastie v oblastiach s kontinent\u00e1lnym podneb\u00edm so such\u00fdm a hor\u00facim letom. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tnosti agrotechniky<\/strong><\/p>\n Jednou z hlavn\u00fdch podmienok na dosiahnutie slu\u0161n\u00e9ho v\u00fdnosu p\u0161enice je dodr\u017eiavanie striedania plod\u00edn. Ozimn\u00e9 odrody sa \u010dastej\u0161ie sej\u00fa na \u010dierny \u00fahor (pole je \u00faplne zbaven\u00e9 buriny a p\u00f4da je kypr\u00e1 a vlhk\u00e1). <\/p>\n Tvrd\u00e9 odrody sa vysievaj\u00fa v\u00fdlu\u010dne na \u010dierny \u00fahor. A v \u017eiadnom pr\u00edpade ju nepestujte dva roky po sebe na tom istom pozemku. Ak sa zasej\u00fa po Cultural wheat is divided into two varieties – soft and hard. They have botanical differences, which is associated with the growing conditions. The flour produced from these varieties also has different characteristics. Botanical characteristics Wheat is an annual plant with erect stems with nodes and internodes. Both hard and soft wheat have a meticulous root […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[21],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/grain.st\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/309"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/grain.st\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/grain.st\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/grain.st\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/grain.st\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=309"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/grain.st\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/309\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":310,"href":"https:\/\/grain.st\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/309\/revisions\/310"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/grain.st\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=309"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/grain.st\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=309"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/grain.st\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=309"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nkvetenstvo je zlo\u017een\u00fd kl\u00e1sok s paralelne usporiadan\u00fdmi osami.
\nListy s\u00fa jasne zelen\u00e9, kopijovit\u00e9, \u0161irok\u00e9 a\u017e 20 mm. Usporiadanie na stonke je pravideln\u00e9, dvojradov\u00e9. Plodom je zrnko. Samotn\u00e9 zrno tvrd\u00e9ho
\nsamotn\u00e9 zrno p\u0161enice je sklovit\u00e9, stla\u010den\u00e9 zo str\u00e1n, m\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 rebr\u00e1. Farba je \u017eltkast\u00e1, \u017elt\u00e1 s \u010derven\u00fdm n\u00e1dychom alebo hned\u00e1.
\nVlastnosti tvrdej odrody a jej rozdiel od m\u00e4kkej odrody
\nZ t\u00fdchto dvoch typov kult\u00far sa za najcennej\u0161iu a naju\u017eito\u010dnej\u0161iu pova\u017euje tvrd\u00e1 p\u0161enica. Zrno obsahuje ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo lepku, aleur\u00f3nov\u00e1 vrstva obsahuje mno\u017estvo vitam\u00ednov a vitam\u00ednov.
\nvrstva obsahuje mno\u017estvo vitam\u00ednov a miner\u00e1lov:<\/p>\n\n
\nRozdiely medzi m\u00e4kkou a tvrdou p\u0161enicou:
\nM\u00e4kk\u00e9 odrody uprednost\u0148uj\u00fa oblasti s pravideln\u00fdmi zr\u00e1\u017ekami, zatia\u013e \u010do tvrd\u00e9 odrody maj\u00fa rady such\u00fd vzduch a hor\u00face let\u00e1. Tieto podmienky produkuj\u00fa viac lepku
\nviac lepku;
\nstonka tvrdej odrody je vyplnen\u00e1 m\u00e4kk\u00fdm parench\u00fdmom, zatia\u013e \u010do stonka m\u00e4kkej odrody je dut\u00e1;
\nm\u00faka z tvrdej p\u0161enice obsahuje ve\u013ea lepku a \u010dastice \u0161krobu s\u00fa tvrd\u00e9 a mal\u00e9. Na pr\u00edpravu cesta z tejto m\u00faky je potrebn\u00e9 ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo
\nvody. Tvrd\u00e1 p\u0161enica sa pou\u017e\u00edva na v\u00fdrobu cestov\u00edn a obiln\u00edn. M\u00e4kk\u00e1 p\u0161enica neobsahuje to\u013eko lepku ako tvrd\u00e1 p\u0161enica,
\nako tvrd\u00e1 p\u0161enica. \u0160krobov\u00e9 zrn\u00e1 v endosperme s\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie a m\u00e4k\u0161ie. Na miesenie nie je potrebn\u00e9 ve\u013ea vody. Cesto je jemn\u00e9 a nad\u00fdchan\u00e9;
\nZrno odr\u00f4d tvrdej p\u0161enice sa prakticky nedrob\u00ed, rastliny s\u00fa menej n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 na choroby a odoln\u00e9 vo\u010di hmyz\u00edm \u0161kodcom. V\u00fdnosy s\u00fa o 2 - 4 kg\/ha ni\u017e\u0161ie ako v pr\u00edpade m\u00e4kk\u00fdch odr\u00f4d.
\nha menej ako u m\u00e4kk\u00fdch odr\u00f4d.
\nZrno tvrdej p\u0161enice m\u00e1 vysoko kvalitn\u00fd lepok a sklovit\u00fd endosperm (70 a\u017e 90%). Ke\u010f sa zrno melie, vznik\u00e1 \u0161krob,
\nktor\u00fd je v kry\u0161talickej forme, sa nezni\u010d\u00ed. Obsah bielkov\u00edn v zrn\u00e1ch je od 13 do 23%.<\/p>\n
\n\u00faplne zbaven\u00e9 buriny a p\u00f4da je kypr\u00e1 a vlhk\u00e1). Pestovanie po slne\u010dnici, sud\u00e1nke alebo kukurici sa neodpor\u00fa\u010da, preto\u017ee odber \u017eiv\u00edn z t\u00fdchto plod\u00edn je ve\u013emi vysok\u00fd.
\ntieto plodiny maj\u00fa vysok\u00fd odber \u017eiv\u00edn. Po nich je p\u00f4da ochudobnen\u00e1 a p\u0161enica nem\u00e1 dostatok v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00fdch prvkov.
\nJarn\u00fdm odrod\u00e1m sa dar\u00ed, ak sa vysievaj\u00fa po riadkov\u00fdch plodin\u00e1ch a strukovin\u00e1ch. V oblastiach so such\u00fdm podneb\u00edm by sa v\u0161ak jarn\u00e1 p\u0161enica mala sia\u0165
\nby sa mali zasia\u0165 na \u010dierny \u00fahor.<\/p>\n
\nostatn\u00fdch obiln\u00edn, kvalita zrna v\u00fdrazne kles\u00e1. P\u00f4da by mala pred siat\u00edm tvrdej p\u0161enice odpo\u010d\u00edva\u0165.
\nV roku, ke\u010f polia zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa pod \u010diernym \u00fahorom, sa p\u00f4da o\u0161etruje herbic\u00eddmi proti burine alebo sa odstra\u0148uje mechanicky. Tak\u00e9to opatrenia podporuj\u00fa
\nakumul\u00e1ciu a uchov\u00e1vanie vlhkosti. Pr\u00e1ce na zadr\u017eiavan\u00ed snehu sa vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa pred zimou.
\nNa zabezpe\u010denie optim\u00e1lnych podmienok pestovania tvrdej p\u0161enice je potrebn\u00e9:
\nMaxim\u00e1lna akumul\u00e1cia vlhkosti v substr\u00e1te. Ak je jej obsah vo vrchnej vrstve p\u00f4dy (20 cm) men\u0161\u00ed ako 20 mm, v\u00fdsev sa zru\u0161\u00ed;
\nna poliach po strukovin\u00e1ch alebo na \u00fahoroch by sa mala vykona\u0165 orba;
\npred sejbou a po\u010das kultiv\u00e1cie sa vykon\u00e1va obr\u00e1banie p\u00f4dy do h\u013abky sejby (6 cm);
\nak pred sejbou zapr\u0161alo, kultiv\u00e1cia sa opakuje.
\nSemen\u00e1 tvrdej ozimnej p\u0161enice sa vysievaj\u00fa do h\u013abky 4-6 cm. Pri v\u00fdseve jarnej p\u0161enice sa zoh\u013ead\u0148uje stav p\u00f4dy. Plodina sa vysieva do riadkov vo vzdialenosti 15 cm.
\n15 cm.
\nM\u00e4kk\u00e1 p\u0161enica je pre Rusko na\u010falej strategicky d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1, ale z tvrd\u00fdch odr\u00f4d sa vyr\u00e1ba viac u\u017eito\u010dnej m\u00faky. Potrebuj\u00fa v\u0161ak such\u0161ie podnebie, preto sa tento typ p\u0161enice vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine regi\u00f3nov krajiny pestuje zle.
\ndruh nerastie dobre vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine regi\u00f3nov krajiny<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"